Tuesday 1 March 2011

友邦宜放長線

友邦(1299)於上周五公布全年業績,純利飆逾五成,股價更單日升近6%,表面上交了一份不俗的成績表。然而,筆銘絕少道聽塗說,所以在周末時把那二百頁業績翻了一遍。筆銘的淺見是,友邦的業績雖好,但卻也不至於是大勝預期。保險補習社首七課都是以解釋基本概念為主,到了第八課正好以友邦的業績為例,學而時習之。
保費增長沒驚喜
友邦的保費於2010年錄得12%增長,跟上市時所估算的相若,並沒有多大驚喜。會計賬面值雖然大升31%,但這主要是債劵價格上揚和美金相對疲弱所致。經營溢利(Operating Profit Before Tax,簡稱OPAT)上升了18%,遠較純利的五成少。以經營溢利計算,股東資金回報率只為11.8%,並不特別出眾。
純利和經營溢利的分別,只是會計上的投資回報(詳見業績第82頁)。保險公司的資產在會計上可以分為三類:以成本入賬,透過損益表入賬(Through Profit & Loss)和透過賬面值入賬(available for sales)。簡單而言,友邦可以透過會計分類而左右純利,但這卻並不會影響經營溢利。
假如友邦在七十年代便持有大量滙控(005)至今,而又是透過損益表入賬,當友邦在賣出滙控時,市價和成本價之間的差價(多年來投資滙控的資本增值)便會一次過反映在損益表的純利之上。經營溢利會把這些都撇除,投資回報只包括債息、股息和物業租金。
在保費錄得12%增長之時,友邦付給經紀的佣金(commission and other acquisition expenses)卻下跌一成三(詳見業績第93頁)。由於壽險公司要先付佣金,保單的現金流往往是蝕頭賺尾(詳見筆銘12月22日內在價值一文)。會計上處理方法是把現時佣金遞延(deferred),然後再在未來攤銷(amortize),這基本上是把盈利提高了。若單看未經會計調整的佣金支出(commissions and other acquisition expenses incurred),這上升了13%,跟保費增長相若。
友邦去年共把15億美元上繳至控股公司,更暗示今年上半年會派中期息。無論是銀行或者是保險,跨國金融機構一般都會把多餘的資本留在控股公司,而其下在各國附屬公司的資本,通常都只是剛剛足夠。
注入資本遠比抽走易,因後者會影響投保人的保障,素來不為監管機構所喜。若某附屬公司因投資失利而損失大量資本,控股公司便會注資入附屬公司。同理,當控股公司要派息之時,附屬公司便把該年所賺取的資本上繳。
對管理層有信心
在金融海嘯之時,AIG由於面對流動資金危機,亞洲各國的監管機構有不少擔心AIG可能把友邦的資本抽走,令投保人的保障減低。因此,友邦在2009年時受到監管機構的限制,所以在該年並沒有把任何資本上繳至控股公司。這些限制於去年逐部放鬆,友邦因而可以把資本上繳並開始派息。筆銘推算友邦的明年現金流約為12億美元,假設派息率為一半,股息率可達1.7%。
談業績談了半天,我們必須化繁為簡,認清友邦的本質。其實友邦有如銀行股中的滙控,兩者都紥根於新興市場,有穩定增長,但股價卻不容易在短期內暴升。
筆銘對領軍的Mark Tucker有信心,此君為保誠建立其亞洲業務,執行力不俗。友邦2011年的預測市盈率約為14倍,而內在價值則為1.3倍,估值合理。投資者宜放眼未來,對其短線表現則不應有太大期望。

3 comments:

  1. It will take time for AIA to regain its momentum.

    There are two major weaknesses.

    Firstly, I agree that AIA principally operates in Asia-pacfic which is high growth region. However, the market share of its insurance income si lagging behind the market.

    Secondly, as it has invested heavily in AIG which becomes virtually valueless, its equity portfolio is too small when compared with the fixed income part. Given the current low interest rate that may be last for a while, I am not optimistic about its P&L in the short run.

    It cannot breakthrough the 52 weeks high in this week.

    Just for the sake of bluffing, I am just thinking of decomposing an insurance stock's balance sheet and study it without making any reference to the intrinsic values.

    Just my two cents.

    Have a nice weekend!

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  2. Worth noting that AIA doesn't really invest in the listed AIG shares. Almost all insurance companies invest more in fixed income than equities because they need to earn a yield for their traditional business. Again, the impact of low interest rates goes through the economic book value and not the P&L.

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  3. If I were not wrong, the stake in AIG is mentioned in the IPO prospectus and all of the shares has been disposed before the listing. Correct me if I am wrong.

    BTW, your prediction is indeed a masterpiece. AIA posted a very good 2011 Q1 result and it touched 26.80!

    Your are truly a respectable expert!

    ReplyDelete